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Solar System
| Planet |
Equatorial
Radius (km) |
Orbital
Period
in days |
Semi-major
axis
of orbit in AU |
|
Mercury |
2439 |
87.97046 |
0.387099 |
|
Venus |
6051 |
224.69815 |
0.723326 |
|
Earth |
6378.14 |
365.25636053 |
1.000018 |
|
Mars |
3393.4 |
686.9257 |
1.523638 |
|
Jupiter |
71,398 |
4332.23025 |
5.20248 |
ial, helvetica, sans-serif" width="143" class="q">
Saturn
|
Saturn |
60,000 |
10,800.4425 |
9.56329 |
|
Uranus |
25,400 |
30,953.4765 |
19.2937 |
|
Neptune |
24,300 |
60,839.6925 |
30.2743 |
|
Pluto |
1500 |
91,305.195 |
39.6823 |
|
Solar
Radius |
696,000 |
|
|
|
Astronomical Unit = AU =
149,597,870 km
Velocity of Light (in a vacuum)
c = 299,792,458 meters per second
= 186,282.4 miles per
second.
Solar System Size Comparison Poster by
Starry Night Store
Earth and Moon
|
CONSTANT
|
NUMERIC VALUE
|
|
Earth, Radius, Equatorial
|
3963.19245606 mi.
6,378,140 m
|
|
Earth, Circumference,
Equatorial
|
24,901.4726094 mi.
40,075,035.5351 m
|
|
Earth, Circumference, Mean
|
24,873.492365 mi.
40,030,005.6967 m
|
|
Earth, Arc Degree, Mean
|
69.0933962964 mi.
111,1950.42769 m
|
|
Earth, Radius, Mean
|
3958.73926185 mi.
6,370,973.27862 m
|
|
Earth, Radius, Polar
|
3949.90462476 mi.
6,356,755.28816 m
|
|
Flattening, axis ratio
|
0.996647186822
|
|
Flattening inverse
|
298.257
|
|
Flattening of the Earth
|
0.0033528131779
|
|
Inclination, Lunar Orbit,
Mean
|
5.1453964°
|
|
Wobble, Lunar Orbit
Inclination
|
± 0.0025°
|
|
Moon, Distance
|
384,399,070 m
|
|
Lunar Orbit Eccentricity
|
0.054900489
|
|
Moon, Radius, Mean
|
1,738,000 m
|
|
Obliquity of the Ecliptic
|
23.439291111°
|
|
Solar distance
|
149,597,870,000 m
|
|
Geographical Mile
|
1,855.32571922 m
|
Periodicity
Saros Cycle is an eclipse
cycle of 242 nodal months, 223 synodic periods, 239 anomalistic
months and 17 eclipse years.
242 x 27.21222 = 6585.357425
223 x 29.53059 = 6585.321321
239 x 27.55455 = 6585.536614
19 x 346.62006 = 6585.781197
Metonic Cycle is a cycle
that produces the same phase of the moon on the same date of the
tropical year every 19 years.
235 x 29.53059 = 6939.688388
255 x 27.21222 = 6939.116295
19 x 365.24219 = 6939.601660
|
MODULES
|
in degrees
|
|
Lunar Motion per Mean
Rotation
|
13.1403824445°
|
|
Mean Daily Lunar Motion
|
13.1763582244°
|
|
Solar Orbit per Day
|
0.985609119791°
|
|
Solar Orbit per Sidereal
Rotation
|
0.982918083604°
|
|
Solar Orbit per Nodal Month
|
26.8206129544°
|
|
Solar Orbit per Sidereal
Month
|
26.9284788014°
|
|
Solar Orbit per Synodic
Month
|
29.1056177173°
|
Periodicity Formulas
|
Sidereal Orbit
|
(365.25636042 + 1.1 x 10-7 TE)
days
|
|
Tropical Year
|
(365.24219878 - 6.14 x 10-6
TE) days
|
|
Eclipse Year
|
(346.620031 + 3.2 x 10-5 TE)
days
|
|
Anomalistic Year
|
(365.25964134 + 3.04 x 10-6
TE) days
|
|
Sidereal Lunar
Orbit
|
(27.3216610 - 2.0 x 10-7 T)
days
|
|
Lunar Mean Daily
Sidereal Motion
|
(13.1763582975 - 1.0224 x 10-8
T)°
|
|
Lunar Synodical
Period
|
(29.5305992 - 2.0 x 10-7 T)
days
|
|
Centenial General
Precession Longitude
|
(1.396291666... + 0.0006180555...T)°
|
Given TE = Julian centuries from day 0.5, 1900 ET
Given T = Tropical centuries from 1900.0 N
Definitions
| Sidereal
Orbit |
is
a revolution relative to a fixed celestial
position. |
| Sidereal
Noon |
is
the instant of transit of mean equinox
relative to a fixed meridian position. |
Fundamental
Epoch
of Sidereal Time |
(FE)
is the instant 12 hours, 0 days, 1900 years
A.D. with hours in mean sidereal time. |
| Ephemeris
Time |
is
the actual count of solar days from a fixed
meridian. |
| Tropical
Year (YT) |
is
the period from equinox to equinox. |
| Eclipse
Year (YE) |
is
the period between the earth and lunar orbit
planes node crossings. |
| Temporal
Unit (TU) |
is
36,525 mean solar days since Jan. 0.5, 1900,
UT. |
Greenwich
Mean
Sidereal Time (GT) |
=
0.0 hours UT = 12 hours + aFMS |
| Universal
Time (UT) |
has
replaced Mean Solar Time due to a recognition
of the non-uniform rotation rate of the earth. |
| Lunar
Synodic Period (S9) |
is
the period of time from one full or new moon
to another, that is the time between
consecutive alignments of the sun, earth and
moon on a plane perpendicular to the plane of
solar revolution. |
| Precession
(PR) |
is
the retrograde rotation of the earth's axis
relative to fixed celestial reference. |
| Annual
Parallax |
is
the viewpoint difference due to the change in
the earth's position relative to the sun. For
the nearest star the angle is about 0.000222.° |
| Annual
Aberration |
is
the angular shift in apparent position
resulting from motion velocity of viewing from
orbiting (moving) earth. |
| Diurnal
Parallax |
is
the viewpoint difference due to the rotation
of the earth. The amount varies with the
latitude of the observer. |
| Diurnal
Aberration |
is
the result of observing from a spining
observing position on the surface of the
earth. Velocity of the observer causes
apparent shift to a maximum correction of
about 0.0008333°
at the equator. |
| Atmospheric
Refraction |
is
the bending of light rays by the earth's
atmosphere. |
GRAVITY
Mass of the Sun
= 1.9891 x 1030 kg
Mass of the Earth = 5.974 x 1024
kg
Mass of the Moon = 7.348031948 x 1022
kg References:
Archaeoastronomy
According to Harleston*, he principle unit of measurement as used by Teotihuanacos was a
length of 1.059463 metres. Translated into feet this is 3.47593ft
and is accurate to within one part in 19,000 of the double royal Egyptian cubit
of 3.4757485ft, in later works he refined the figure still further to be correct
to within five decimal places of this length, of which he was at that time
unaware.
He called the measure a hunab,
which in the Aztec language means "unified measure", and the hunab is
exactly eight to seven of the Aztec betan, which
means "yard".
[* http://www.secretacademy.com/pages/hughharleston.htm]
Table of ancient measurement units and origins (compiled by
Jim Allen*)
1 English inch = 25.399772mm taken as 25.4mm
1 English inch = 1/500,000 part of Earth's polar diameter
half inch = 1,000,000,000 part of Earth's polar diameter
1 palm = 3 inches
1 pound weight was originally the weight of a cube of 3 x 3 x 3
inches filled with water
a cubic foot originally weighed 64lbs and contained 8 gallons
a modern cubic foot weighs 62.137lbs and contains 6.2 gallons
Foot
- English 12.0" (304.8mm) derived from polar diameter
- Saxon 13.2" (335.3mm) 20 Sumerian shusi
- Roman (1) 13.18" (335.0mm) similar to Saxon foot
- Roman (2) 11.65" (295.9mm) 24/25ths of
the Greek foot
- Paris (1) 12.785" (324.74mm) 1/6th of toise diameter of
wheel
- Paris (2) 12.789" (324.84mm) diameter of wheel
- Russian 14.0" (355.6mm) diameter of wheel
- Greek 12.136" (308.3mm) Greece latitude
- Babylon 12.126" (308.0mm) Babylon latitude and Phoenicia
- Egypt (1) 12.118" (307.8mm) Egypt latitude
- Egypt (2) 11.81" (300.0mm) circumference as pi 3141592653
- Remen 14.58" (370.3mm) mean of latitudes
Cubit
- Egyptian Royal (1) 20.62" (523.7mm) circumference of earth
in atur
- Egyptian Royal (2) 20.6264" (523.9mm) diameter of earth in
atur
- Egyptian Royal (3) 20.669" (525.0mm) circumference as pi
3141592653
- EgyptianRoyal (4) 20.72" (526.3mm) circumference as
40,000,000mtrs
- Sumerian 19.8" (502.9mm) 24/25ths of
Egyptian Royal cubit
- Greek 18.205" (462.4mm) Greece latitude
- Babylon 18.1889" (462.0mm) Babylon latitude and Phoenicia
- Egypt Geographic(1) 18.177" (461.7mm) Egypt latitude
- Egypt Geographic(2) 17.716" (450.0mm) circumference as pi
3141592653
- Sacred Cubit = 25 inches
- Great Cubit = 30 inches = sacred cubit of 25" plus a hand of
5"
Megalithic Yard
- Britain 2.72ft 32.64" (829.0mm) year of 365¼ days
- Sumeria 2.750ft 33.0" (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- India 2.750ft 33.0" (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- Peru 2.750ft 33.0" (838.2mm) year of 360 days
- Statute Mile 5280ft or 8 furlongs of 240 Sumerian yards
Geographic Mile
-
6076.8884ft mean of meridians latitude
-
6056.97ft Egypt middle latitude
-
6062.99ft Babylon latitude
-
6068.46ft Greece latitude
-
6046.3418ft equatorial latitude
-
6087.268ft equatorial longitude
-
6107.7755ft polar latitude
-
Nautical mile 6080.00ft Admiralty sea mile
1 Sumerian shusi = 0.66"
10 Sumerian Shusi = 6.6" = 1 hand
12 Sumerian Shusi = 7.2" = 1 link
20 Sumerian shusi = 13.2" = 1 foot
30 Sumerian Shusi = 19.8" = 1 cubit
50 Sumerian Shusi = 33.0" = 1 Sumerian yard
100 Sumerian Shusi = 66.0" = 1 double Sumerian yard
1 acre = 600 x 60 Sumerian feet = 36,000 sq Sumerian feet
1 acre = 660 x 66 English feet = 43,560 sq English feet
1 pole = 15 Sumerian feet
1 pole = 16.5 English feet
1 chain = 20 Sumerian feet
1 chain = 22 English feet
1 furlong = 600 Sumerian feet
1 furlong = 660 English feet
1 Royal cubit of 21 inches rolls out a double Sumerian yard of
66" or 2 Sumerian yards
1 metre = 1/10,000,000 part of the Earth's quadrant circumference
1 litre = a cube of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm
1 kilogram = the weight of a cube of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm filled
with water
[* Source: Historic Atlantis in Bolivia]
Related links: Measurements
and Units
Archaeoastronomy Articles on our website:
HOT
The Digital
Orrery
The digital orrery created by Piotr Kaczmarek.
It is too detailed to be embedded in
this article, so click on the screen capture below
to load it in a
new window.
This is one of the best solar system simulators we know!
Within the application you can view the solar system according
to the Copernican (sun-centered) or Tychonian (earth-centered)
model. You can rotate the system by clicking and dragging on the
outer ring, or let it move automatically by adjusting a slider in
the top left.
HOT
The Photographer's
Ephemeris
The Photographer’s Ephemeris (TPE) is a free
application for Mac/Windows/Linux designed for landscape
photographers.
It shows you the exact direction of
where the sunrise and moonrise will be at any particular location
and time using Google maps. Landscape photographers typically
wishing to plan their shoots around the times of sunrise/sunset or
twilight, or alternatively when the moon is in a particular place
or a particular phase. Click on the logo to learn more and
download this free program.
stephentrainor.com/tools
See screenshots below (click to
enlarge):
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